Basics of Spectral Measurement (2.1 MB)

Introduction

Modern spectroscopic measurement equipment becomes smaller and more cost effective. Therefore, it is used in more and more new application fields besides the classical one in analytics. Spectroscopic methods are applied in research and production for color measurement, chemical analysis and quality control, pharmaceutical testing, medical check up, plant growth observation, testing of light emitting devices, food control, pollution measurement, etc. Currently, they are increasingly used in process control, e.g. in dye works, chemical plants, semiconductor industry and electro plating processes.

1. 1. Miniaturized Spectrometer (636 kB)

1. 1.1. General Set-Up
1. 1.1.1. Grating
2. 1.1.2. Spectrometer Set-Up
2. 1.2. Spectrometer Parameters
1. 1.2.1. Wavelength Range
2. 1.2.2. Resolution
3. 1.2.3. Stray Light
4. 1.2.4. ADC Resolution
5. 1.2.5. Integration Time
6. 1.2.6. Spectral Sensitivity
7. 1.2.7. Wavelength and Intensity Calibration



2. 2. Line Arrays for Miniaturized Spectrometers (284 kB)

1. 2.1. General Description
2. 2.2. Types of Line Arrays
1. 2.2.1. CCD Arrays
2. 2.2.2. Photodiode Arrays (PDA)
3. 2.2.3. CMOS Arrays
3. 2.3. Criteria of Selection for a specific Application
4. 2.4. Aspects of Read out Electronics
1. 2.4.1. Types of Video Signals
2. 2.4.2. Components of Line Arrays Read out Electronic
3. 2.4.3. Reduction of Image Lag
5. 2.5. Examples of Line Detector Arrays for UV/VIS Spectroscopy



3. 3. Selected Applications of Array Spectrometers (1.1 MB)

1. 3.1. Color Measurement in General
2. 3.2. Color Measurement of Opaque Surfaces
3. 3.3. Photometric and Color Measurement of Transmissive Samples
1. 3.3.1. Optical Parameters
2. 3.3.2. Measuring Geometries
3. 3.3.3. Color Measurement
4. 3.4. Measurement of Self -luminous Objects
5. 3.5. Spectral Fluorescence Measurement
6. 3.6. Multichannel Spectral Measurement

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